영작 연습 - 어휘 / 모호성 제거하기

모호성의 제거 

a. 대명사가 가리키는 것이 모호항 경우 

  - Although the car hit the street lamp, it was not damaged. (it은, 차도, 가로등도 될수 있음) 

   ==> The car wasn't damaged when it hit the street lamp. 

b. 가리키는 대상이 불명확한 어휘는 피할 것 

  - The exercise today is more difficult than yesterday. (exercise 라고만 하면 불확실)

  ==> The workout session today is more difficult than yesterday. 

1) I hope you find an eligible one ==> I hope you find an eligible candidate. 

2) Koreans still do not comprehend the seriousness of the thing. ==> Koreans still do not comprehend the seriousness of the matter. 

성차별적인 언어에 주의 

1. 성차별 대명사의 문제 : 남성과 여성을 다 가리킬 수 있는 명사를 대명사로 받을 경우 3인칭 단수형에만 남성, 여성의 구분이 있으므로 이를 해소하는 방법을 강구해야 한다. 

a. 복수명사로 교체하면 단수명사가 와서 his를 써야하는 문제가 사라짐 

  - A singer must protect his voice. ==> Singers must protect their voice. 

  - A good writer is evaluated by his character ==> Good writers are evaluated by their character. 

b. 남성, 대명사 대신 his 또는 her 사용 

  - Each employee is given the information to do his or her job. 

c. everyone, anyone, someone 등은 경우에 따라 단수나 복수형으로 받음 

  - Someone will lose his/her property in that siuation. 

  - If anyone would like more information about the school, he/she/they can contact me. 

d. one은 소유격형으로 one's 나 his/her사용. 

  - One should obey one's /his / her parents. 

e. 대명사가 필요없는 문장으로 재구성 

  - Every player must train very hard if he wants to be a world champion. ==> To be a world champion, a player must train very hard. 

1) A student has to hand in his paper today. ==> Students have to hand in their papers today. 

2) One should choose his major carefully ==> We should choose our majority carefully. 

3) He has a large vehicle which will accommodate everyone and his luggage. ==> He has a large vehicle which will accommodate everyone and their luggage. 

2. 성차별어 

a. x-man 단어들 - 중립적인 느낌~ 

man or woman 등 성이 드러나는 어휘들	x-man 단어들의 중립적인 느낌을 드는 어휘
fireman, mailman, postman, policeman	firefighter, mail carrier, postal worker, police officer
steward / stewardess, waiter / watieress	flight attendant, server
businessman, businesswoman, chairman, chairwoman, salesman, saleswoman, spokeman, spokeswoman, anchorman, anchorwoman	businessperson, chairperson, salesperson,salespeople,spokesperson, anchor

1) A young fireman climbed the long ladder. ==> firefighter

2) Pat works for the FBI and teaches policemen. ==> police officers

3) Could you get our waitress? ==> server

복합어의 활용 (Making use of compounds) 

붙은형	떨어진 형	하이픈 연결형
airport, eyesight, seafood, staircase, railroad, worksheet, backpack, moonlight, highlight, babysitter, hairband, hairdresser, showcase, drawback, makeup, outbreak,  handout, blackout, leftover	high school, tran station, post office,  hair stylist, university study,  test taker, blood pressure, video game, real estate, down payment,  car wash, stop line...	empty-handed, heart-breaking, part/full-time, long-term, must-see, face-to-face, up-to-date, brand-new, state-of-the-art

1. 간편한 복합어의 사용 

  - a break time for lunch ==> a lunch break 

  - I closed the door of the car. ==> I closed the car door. 

  - We have to call a technician who can repair TV ==> We have to call a TV repair man. 

1) She is preparing for a test of TOEFL. ==> She is preparing for a TOEFL test. 

2) I always forget where I put the key of my car. ==> I always forget where I put my car key. 

3) We have to find a route that is shorter than other ones. ==> We have to find a short cut.

2. 복합어의 무분별한 사용 회피

  - English study is my favorite holiday ==> Studying English is my favorite hobby. 

  - The book price is more than fifty dollars ==> The price of the book is more than fifty dolloars. 

  - The red car driver was identified as Kim. ==> The driver of the red car was identified as Kim. 

1) My study field is divided into two parts. ==> My field of study is divided into two parts.

2) Central Library construction has been delayed. ==> The construction of the Central Library has been delayed. 

3. 복합어 내부명사의 복수사용 금지 

  - 복수어의 복수어미는 마지막에만 붙일 것

  - 복수형으로 쓰이는 명사에도 적용됨 (Shoes market ==> shoe markets, shoes designers ==> shoe desingers

1) I like to go to the bookstore and look at magazine. (booksstore 가 아니고 bookstore로 쓸것)

2) I didn't know they were mountains climbers. ==> mountain climers

3) I left the shoes store quickly without a purchase ==> shoe store

4) They realized that arm control would be a necessity. ==> arms control 

4. 하이픈으로 연결해야 하는 복합어의 사용 주의

  - 수가 포함된 복합어 : 반드시 하이픈을 사용, 수 다음의 명사를 복수로 하지 않음 

  - a 20-minute cruise / the 10-year plan / a 61-year-old woman / his 6-year-old niece

1) The students went to after-school training institutions. 

2) The three-story apartment building collapsed instantly. 

3) He took care of his 6-year-old niece. 

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