Brilliant Idea

1. 불규칙 동사 

  - 잘 틀리는 동사형 

    lie - lay - lain 

    grow - grew - grown (blow, throw, fly, draw) 

   ride - rode - ridden (rise, drive) 

   hold - held - held 

   hang - hung - hung 

   spit - spat - spat (sit) 

   wear - wore - worn (bear, tear, swear) 

   choose - chose - chosen 

   light - lit - lit 

  - 유형이 있는 경우 

   1) i-a-u 형 (sing, swim, drink, stink) : ring - rang - rung 

   2) i -u - u 형 (stick, sling, cling, swing, wring) : dig - dug -dug, strike - struck - struck 

   3) 모음변이 + t : buy - bought - bought, teach - taught - taught, catch - caught - caught,

                              seek-sought - sought, fight - fought - fought 

   4) 동일형 : hit - hit - hit, (cut, put, hurt, set, quit, cost) 

   5) 단모음화형 : meet -met - met, flee-fled-fled (lead, spread, feed),

                            feel-felt-felt (keep, creep, kneel, lose, leave, deal, leap, hear) 

   6) d>t 교체형 : send-sent-sent (lend, bend, spend) 

1) The schoolboy sling his bag on the floor. 

2) It is something that I have fought for my entire life. 

3) The maid led her down the hall. 

4) I sought help from my classmate. 

5) The bank lent him two million won. 

6) He asked as he held out his hand. 

2. 자동사와 타동사의 혼동 

a. 타동사를 자동사로 생각 

  - 목적어의 결핍 : I can't waste now (x) ==> I can't waste money now. (o) (waste는 타동사로 목적어 필요) 

  - 타동사에 전치사 사용 : enter = go in, discuss = talk about, interview = ask questions to, address = speak to

                                         contradict = disagree with

b. 자동사를 타동사로 생각 

  - 필요한 전치사의 생략 : We are waiting your arrival. (x) => We are waiting for your arrival. (o) // wait 는 자동사로 wait for 로 ~을 기다리다 라고 사용할 수 있다. 

  - 자동사의 수동태 : Work on the new road is progressed quite well. (x) ==> Work on the new road is progressing quite well. (o) //progress 는 발전함을 나타내는 자동사, 수동태를 is progressing 으로 고쳐야 한다. 

  - 자동사/타동사가 다 되지만 상황에 따라 자동사로 만드는 것이 나은 경우 : I was registered at KNOU. (x) ==> I registered at KNOU. (o) //직접 등록했을 경우 수동태로 만들 필요가 없다. 

1) Please keep it and return it to me when we meet next. 

2) I knocked at your office. 

3) Please do not hesitate to contact us if you would like to support our organization. 

4) I will not fear the future. 

5) He will catch on to what you are saying. 

6) He'll buy a new car if his wife asks him to. 

3. 수여동사의 사용 

a. 수여동사를 쓸때 간접목적어를 생략하지 않을 것 

b. 목적어를 두 개 가질 수 있는 동사인지를 잘 파악하여 사용해야 함 

1) Can you pass me the salt, please? (수여동사 pass)

2) They will supply you with a free map. (supply 는 수여동사가 아니므로 전치사구 필요)

3) I turned around and gave half of what I had. (give 는 수여동사이므로 두개의 목적어를 취할 수 있음)

4. 목적어 + 목적보어로 이어지는 동사의 사용 

a. 명사와 형용사가 목적보어가 되며 현재, 과거분사가 대신하기도 함. 

  - They called her a lot of other names. (명사 a lot of other names 가 목적보어)

  - You must keep the plant moist. (형용사 moist 가 목적보어) 

  - I painted the wall white (형용사 white 가 목적보어 ) 

  - He found that the food were untouched. = He found the food untouched. 

  - They would not consider him their truce teacher. (~로 간주하다의 consider 는 as의 도움 없이 목적보어를 가짐) 

b. 목적보어는 (원형) 부정사 형태로 자주 쓰임 

  - Allow me to give you one minor example. (to give 는 부정사 형태의 목적보어) 

  - His mother asked him to go to the store. (to go 는 부정사 형태의 목적보어) 

  - The king forced his subjects to build a great wall. (to build 는 부정사 형태의 목적보어) 

  - The professor had her assistant make copies of the paper. (사역동사 had 의 목적보어 make )

  - I may need someone to help me do this. (help 의 목적보어 원형부정사 do) 

1) She suddenly find herself unemployed.  (동사 find의 목적보어 unemployed) 

2) Please have him call me back. (동사 have 의 목적보어 call)

3) I permitted my son to use my car. ( 동사 permitted 의 목적보어 to use)

4) The teacher asked students to write a persuasive essay. (동사 ask 의 목적보어 to write )

5. 전치사가 필요한 구문 

  - I will inform students of the following events. (inform ~ of 가 필요한 동사)

  - China regards the island as part of its territory. (regard ~ as 가 필요한 동사) 

  - They deprived him of his basic human rights. (deprived ~ of 가 필요한 동사) - rob/strip 등의 동사유형

  - They accused one another of exploiting the pandemic for political ends. (accuse ~ of :~를 ~로 고소하다) 

  - He attributed his success to hard work. (attribute ~ to 가 필요한 동사) 

1) Their stories will remind people of why this is so important. (remind ~ of 가 필요한 동사) 

2) The doctor apprised her of her husband's progress. (apprise ~ of 가 필요한 동사) 

3) Opponents referred to him as a dictator. (refer ~ as ) 

<출처: 방송통신대학 영작문 II 교재>

1. 인칭대명사의 격

a. 주격을 목적격으로, 목적격을 주격으로 잘못 쓰지 말것 

  - Anna began the quarrel, not us. (보어위치에 목적격 사용)

  - She was slightly shorter than him.  ( 비교급 위치에서 목적격 사용)

b. 정확한 소유격을 사용할 것 

  - The laboratory recruited its new researchers. (its => the laboratory's ) (격과 수에 맞는 소유격을 선택)

  - English changed the names of the letters with them. (사물의 소유격을 나타낼 때 명사 + of the~ 로 표현)

c. 소유격이 필요한지 아닌지 구분할 것 

  - David finished his homework. (다른 사람의 것으로 혼동될 우려가 있을 때 소유격을 표시) 

  - Our departure may be delayed one or two days. (누가 출발하는지 명시해야 할 때 소유격 표시) 

  - I was thinking about the time working with you. (문맥상 필요없는 경우)

  - He needs to lose weight. (관용적 표현에서 소유격 생략)

1) Her husband is three years older than her. 

2) That's when I knew it was him. 

3) I don't like people asking my weight. 

4) The package I ordered should be delivered today. 

5) Thank you for coming today to our workshop for knowledge sharing. 

6) Drivers sometimes lose control of their cars. (관용적 표현에서 소유격 생략)

2. 인칭대명사의 특수용법 

a. it 의 사용 : 날씨, 시간, 거리 등의 비인칭 용법에 사용 

  - It was hot that August. 

  - Tomorrow will be hot = It will be hot tomorrow. 

b. 가주어 / 가목적어 : It ~ that ... 

  - It was good meeting you at the conference in Madrid. 

  - It is always better to say less. 

  - You will find it interesting to learn magic. (가목적어 it  -  목적보어가 형용사일때 가목적의 사용이 가능) 

c. 대용대명사 one의 적절한 사용 

  - 수식을 받을 수 있고 복수형이 있음 

  - Here are the books. Which is yours?  => Here are the books. Which one is yours? 

d. 지시대명사 this/ that 

  - Have you read all of this? (this/these 는 화자의 심리적, 감정적, 시간적으로 가까운 대상에 사용) 

  - Everyone says girls can't play baseball, but I do not belive that. (생각의 거리감이 느껴지므로 that 사용) 

1) That was raining too much. => It was raining too much. 

2) That they don't like their boss seems. ==> It seems that they don't like their boss. 

3) This is over 100 miles from London to Oxford. ==> It is over 100 miles from London to Oxford. 

4) Her face was close to the stranger. ==> Her face was close to that of the stranger. 

5) We will replace the sliding door with that can be locked. ==> We will replace the sliding door with one that can be locked.